三七花药材质量控制方法的建立Study on the Quality Standard of Flower Buds of Panax Notoginseng
朱晓青,刘春花,龙庆德,王爱民,李勇军,王永林,陆苑
ZHU Xiaoqing,LIU Chunhua,LONG Qingde,WANG Aimin,LI Yongjun,WANG Yonglin,LU Yuan
摘要(Abstract)：
目的:建立三七花的质量控制方法,提高其质量可控性。方法:对5批次三七花外观形态特征进行观察,并对其表面特征和粉末特征进行显微鉴别;以三七花自身为对照建立薄层色谱法(TLC)进行鉴别,按2015版《中国药典》中方法测定三七花的水分、总灰分及醇溶性浸出物。结果:三七花呈不规则的球形或半球形,表面灰绿色,花梗基部具鳞片状苞片,花萼5齿裂,花瓣5,气清香,味微苦、甘;显微鉴别中观察三七花粉末呈黄绿色,表皮细胞呈类圆形、排列紧密,气孔在表皮细胞中呈不定式、导管多为螺纹,花粉粒呈圆球形、外壁有疣状雕纹、3个萌发孔、非腺毛甚多、单细胞或多细胞、长29～138μm,树脂道呈黄色,花冠顶端表皮细胞呈乳头状短绒毛突起; TLC中三七花在正丁醇-乙酸丁酯-水(4∶1∶5,上层)展开效果最好,展开效果受湿度、温度影响小;在确定的方法中样品稳定性好,样品TLC斑点明显,分离度好,色谱带清晰; 5批三七花水分平均值9. 63%,总灰分平均值7. 41%,醇溶性浸出物平均值30. 93%。结论:建立的方法可用于三七花的鉴别和质量控制。
Objective: To establish a quality control method for flower buds of panax notoginseng( PNG) and improve its quality controllability. Methods: The appearance and morphology characteristics of flower buds of PNG were observed,and the microscopic identification of their surface features and powder characteristics were conducted,with PNG itself as the control,the thin layer chromatography( TLC) for identification of 5 batches of flower buds of PNG was established. Water content,total ash content and alcohol soluble extract were determined according to the methods of Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition). Results: The flower buds of PNG was characterized by the irregular spherical or hemispherical surface in gray-green and the pedicels base with scaly bracts,with calyxes of 5 teeth split,5 petals and sweetly fragrant and slightly bitter taste. Under the microscope,the powder of PNG looked yellow-green; The epidermal cells were round and tightly arranged,and the stomata in epidermal cells were indefinite; Most catheters seemed helical; The pollen grains were spherical,with wart-like carvings on the outer wall,and 3 germination pores; There were many nonglandular hairs,single-celled or multi-celled,29 ～ 138 μm long; Resin canal was yellow,and epidermal cells on the corolla top had papillary short villi. In TLC,flower buds of PNG had the best unfolding effect in n-butanol-butyl acetate-water( 4 ∶ 1 ∶ 5,upper layer),without much influence by humidity and temperature. The samples of TLC has good stability in the determined method,with obvious spots plates, desired resolution and clear chromatographic zones. The average moisture content,the total ash and the alcohol soluble extract of 5 batches of flower buds of PNG were 9. 63%,7. 41%,and 30. 93%,respectively. Conclusion: The established method can be used for the identification and quality control of flower buds of panax notoginseng.
关键词(KeyWords)：
色谱法,薄层;三七花;质量标准;显微特征;水分;总灰分;醇溶性浸出物
chromatography,thin layer;flower buds of panax notoginseng(PNG);quality standard;microscopic characteristics;TLC,moisture;total ash;alcohol soluble extract
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(U1812403);; 中央引导地方科技专项项目[黔科中引地(2018)4006];; 贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合平台人才(2016)5613，黔科合平台人才(2016)5677]
作者(Author):
朱晓青,刘春花,龙庆德,王爱民,李勇军,王永林,陆苑
ZHU Xiaoqing,LIU Chunhua,LONG Qingde,WANG Aimin,LI Yongjun,WANG Yonglin,LU Yuan
DOI: 10.19367/j.cnki.2096-8388.2020.12.005
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