姚红梅,王中新,叶贤伟,余红,张程,刘维佳,徐艳菊,林洁如,张湘燕
YAO Hongmei,WANG Zhongxin,YE Xianwei,YU Hong,ZHANG Cheng,LIU Weijia,XU Yanju,LIN Jieru,ZHANG Xiangyan

• 1:贵州医科大学附院呼吸与危重症医学科
• 2:贵州省人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科
• 3:贵州省呼吸疾病研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

目的:调查贵州省普定县马官镇少数民族成人哮喘的患病率、危险因素及治疗情况。方法:以贵州省普定县马官镇辖区内少数民族18~80岁村民为调查对象,通过问卷、病史、体格检查及肺功能等检查确诊支气管哮喘患者;分析支气管哮喘的患病率、危险因素、诱发因素及治疗情况。结果:共调查2 357名村民,分别为布依族、苗族、仡佬族,诊断哮喘患者71例,患病率3.01%,其中布依族、苗族、仡佬族的患病率分别是2.98%、3.06%及3.45%,各民族患病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.00,P>0.05);哮喘发病的主要危险因素为生物燃料(94.3%)、吸烟(67.6%)、宠物饲养(63.4%),主要诱发因素为感冒(69.1%)、吸入冷空气(56.3%)、刺激性气味(53.5%),主要治疗药物为抗生素(84.5%)、茶碱(67.6%)、不知成分的中药粉末(50.7%)。结论:支气管哮喘是贵州部分地区少数民族成人的常见病之一,其发病主要与生物燃料、吸烟等有关,不规范治疗现象严重。
Objective: To investigate the incidence rate,prevalence risk factors and treatment of asthma of minority in Maguan town,Guizhou province. Methods: A total of 2 357 adults of Buyi,Miao,and Gelao nationality of Maguan town of Guizhou province from March 2013 to May 2013,aged 18~ 80,were enrolled in the study. Among these subjects,definite diagnosis of asthma was made based on questionnaire,medical history,physical examination and pulmonary function test. The incidence rate,risk factors,inducing factors and treatment of asthma were analyzed. Results: Among 2 357 minority people,71 people were diagnosed with asthma. The incidence rate was 3. 01%,specifically,2. 98% for Buyi nationality,3. 06% for Miao nationality and 3. 45% for Gelao nationality. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate among three nationalities( χ2= 0. 00,P > 0. 05). The risk factors for asthma included biofuel( 94. 3%),smoking( 67. 6%) and pet-feeding( 63. 4%).The main inducing factors included influenza( 69. 1%),inhaling cold air( 56. 3%) and irritating odor( 53. 5%). The main medicine for treatment were antibiotics,theophylline and unknown Chinese traditional medicinal powder. Conclusion: Asthma is one of the common diseases in minority population in Guizhou province,and is relevant to biofuel,smoking etc. Besides,nonstandard treatment for asthma is popular.

关键词(KeyWords)： 支气管;哮喘;流行病学;少数民族;贵州
bronchi;asthma;epidemiology;minority;Guizhou province

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 科技部国家科技支撑计划课题(No:2013BAI05B03);; 国家科技支撑计划课题(No:2013BAI06B02);国家科技支撑计划课题(No:2013BAI06B00);; 贵州2011协同创新中心建设项目[黔教合协同创新中心(2014)06]

作者(Author): 姚红梅,王中新,叶贤伟,余红,张程,刘维佳,徐艳菊,林洁如,张湘燕
YAO Hongmei,WANG Zhongxin,YE Xianwei,YU Hong,ZHANG Cheng,LIU Weijia,XU Yanju,LIN Jieru,ZHANG Xiangyan

DOI: 10.19367/j.cnki.1000-2707.2015.07.005

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