杨虓,王艳辉,苏晓庆
YANG Xiao,WANG Yanhui,SU Xiaoqing

• 1:珠海盈嘉行科技有限公司
• 2:宜昌安瑞普生物科技公司
• 3:贵州医科大学生物学教研室

摘要(Abstract)：

目的:研究贵阳腐霉灭蚊能力的持效性。方法:(1)用贵阳腐霉菌丝体连续感染2批蚊幼虫,观察2批蚊幼虫的死亡率及感染率,计算感染率;(2)采用室外人工模拟法,设立对照组、贵阳腐霉组、贵阳腐霉加Bti组、贵阳腐霉加真菌D组、和贵阳腐霉加Bti和真菌D组,加入贵阳腐霉后第111天和273天分别加入2~3龄蚊幼虫(哨位蚊)48 h后取出,观察蚊幼虫死亡情况及感染率;(3)于菜地蓄水池中投入贵阳腐霉菌丝体悬液,并于投入前及投入后第5、15、30、57及122天记录蚊幼虫数,观察感染情况;(4)在Bti致死的蚊幼虫中加入贵阳腐霉菌,观察贵阳腐霉的腐生情况。结果:(1)3株贵阳腐霉的感染力有不同,但是在第2批实验中蚊虫的校正感染率、单碗最高感染率和单碗最低感染率均明显高于第1批(P<0.05);(2)在室外模拟水体实验中,纯贵阳腐霉组及其他含贵阳腐霉组第111天哨位蚊全部死亡,对照组蚊虫无死亡;第273天仅纯贵阳腐霉组的哨位蚊死亡,显微镜下观察死亡虫体均布满贵阳腐霉菌丝;(3)菜地蓄水池实验结果显示,投放贵阳腐霉菌丝体第5天蚊虫密度较投放前明显减少,投放第15天时偶见蚊幼虫,投放第30及57天时基本上看不见蚊幼虫,第122天见大量死蚊,显微镜下观察蚊体有真菌感染;(4)腐生实验发现被Bti杀死的蚊幼虫尸体长满贵阳腐霉的菌丝,产生大量孢子囊,并释放游动孢子。结论:贵阳腐霉在水体中可长期制约蚊虫,持效期最长达273 d。
Objective: To study the persistence of virulence of Pythium guiyangense( Pg). Methods:( 1) Using the fungal mycelia to infect 2 batches of mosquito larvae consecutively,and to compare their mortality rates and infection rates;( 2) using sentinel mosquitoes to monitor the fungal virulence to mosquito larvae in long-term in out door artificial water containers,which were divided into groups of control( C),Pg( P),Pg plus Bti( PB),Pg plus fungus D( PD),and Pg plus Bti and fungus D( PBD). Sentinel mosquitoes were put in containers on the 111 stand 273rddays after microbe application,and were taken into the lab in 48 h later. The mortality rates and infection rates of these mosquitoes were used to show the situation of Pg;( 3) Field trail: suspension of Pg mycelia was applied in a vegetable field water reservoir,and the mosquito density inside was observed before and 5,15. 30.57 and 122 days after the application was observed and compared.( 4) Observing saprophytic growth of Pg: residue in Pg bioassay containers and mosquitoes that killed by Bti and then incubated with Pg were observed with microscope for Pg mycelia. Results:( 1) In lab continuous test with 3 strains of Pg,all the adjusted infection rates in groups,highest and lowest infection rates in individual containers of the second batch of mosquitoes were higher than those of the first batch.( 2) In outdoor artificial water body test,the sentinel mosquitoes from groups P,PB,PD,and PBD of the 111 stday all died and infected with Pg while no sentinel mosquito from group C died. For the sentinel mosquitoes on the273 rdday,all the sentinel mosquitoes from group P died and infected with Pg,although no mosquito from other groups died.( 3) Field trial showed that mosquito density in 5 days after the application of Pg was significantly lower than that before,and the density dropped sharply thereafter. No larvae was found on the 30 thand 57thdays. The latest day of observation was the 122 edday of application when about 80% mosquito larvae died,of which 60% were found infected by Pg.( 4) Pg mycelia were found from mosquito corpses and organic matter from Pg bioassay containers. Conclusions: Pg can control mosquito larvae in mosquito breeding water for long duration. The observed longest persistence was 273 days in our studies.

关键词(KeyWords)： 贵阳腐霉;真菌;生物灭蚊;持效,长效制剂
Pythium guiyangense;fungus;mosquito biological control;long-acting formula

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金资助项目(No:30760140)

作者(Author): 杨虓,王艳辉,苏晓庆
YANG Xiao,WANG Yanhui,SU Xiaoqing

DOI: 10.19367/j.cnki.1000-2707.2016.03.003

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