李巧莲,唐仁泓
LI Qiaolian,TANG Renhong

• 1:郴州市第一人民医院小儿眼科

摘要(Abstract)：

目的 探讨学龄前儿童屈光发育及视力发育异常的特点及影响因素。方法 选取500名学龄前(3～6岁)儿童进行屈光检查和视力检查，记录远视、近视、散光及视力异常的检出率；收集其中300名儿童的一般资料(性别、年龄、身高、体质量)、家庭因素(父母视力异常家族史、婴儿早产史)、用眼情况(每天户外活动时间、近距离用眼时间、每晚睡眠时间、每日电子产品用眼时间),采用logistic回归模型对统计学差异指标进行处理，分析儿童屈光异常和视力异常发生的影响因素。结果 500名儿童中屈光异常的检出率为13.80%、视力异常的检出率为10.80%,男孩和女孩屈光异常的检出率分别为14.40%及13.17%、视力异常的检出率为11.67%,9.88%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3～<4岁、4～<5岁、5～6岁儿童屈光异常检出率分别为18.13%、14.97%及8.02%,视力异常检出率为16.96%、8.38%及6.79%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);logistic分析结果显示，年龄>5岁、家族史、早产、户外活动时间>4 h、近距离用眼时间>6 h、看电视玩手机时间>2 h是影响儿童屈光异常的影响因素，年龄>5岁、早产、户外活动时间>4 h、看电视玩手机时间时间>2 h是影响儿童视力异常的影响因素。结论 学龄前儿童年龄越小，屈光异常和视力异常的比例越高，年龄>5岁、早产、户外活动时间>4 h、看电视玩手机时间手机时间>2 h是影响学龄前儿童视力发育的因素。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of refractive development and visual dysplasia in preschool children. Methods A total of 500 preschoolers(3 to 6 years old) were chosen to receive refractive examination and visual acuity examination. Detection rates of hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and visual dysplasia were recorded. General information of these children were collected(gender, age, height, weight), family factors(visual abnormality family history of parents, history of premature infants), visual habits(daily outdoor activity time, close distance reading time, daily sleeping time, daily visual habits on electronic products). Logistic Regression model was used to handle statistical Leitdifferenz in order to analyze influencing factors of refractive error and visual dysplasia in children. Results In 500 children, the detection rate of refractive error was 13.80% and the rate of abnormal vision was 10.80%. The detection rate of refractive error was 14.40% in boys and 13.17% in girls, and that of visual dysplasia of boys and girls were 11.67% and 9.88%, differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05). The refractive error detection rate was 18.13% in children aged 3-<4, 14.97% in children aged 4-<5 years, and 8.02% in children aged 5 to 6 years. The detection rate of visual dysplasia was 16.96% in children aged 3-<4 years, 8.38% in 4-<5 years, 6.79% in 5-6 years old children, differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). In Logistic analysis, age>5 years, family history, premature birth, time spent outdoors >4 h, close distance eye time>6 h, TV/mobile phone time>2 h is the influencing factor of refractive error of children; age>5 years, premature birth, time spent outdoors>4 h, TV mobile phone time > 2 h is a factor affecting children's vision abnormalities. Conclusion The younger the age of preschool children, the higher the proportion of refractive error and visual abnormalities, age>5 years, premature birth, time spent outdoors>4 h, TV/mobile phone time>2 h are factors affecting the visual development of preschool children.

关键词(KeyWords)： 学龄前儿童;屈光发育;视力发育;远视;近视;散光;影响因素
preschool children;refractive development;vision development;hyperopia;myopia;astigmatism;affective factors

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 2020年度湖南创新型省份建设专项项目(2020JJ4849)

作者(Author): 李巧莲,唐仁泓
LI Qiaolian,TANG Renhong

DOI: 10.19367/j.cnki.2096-8388.2023.02.014

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