沈红艳,赵姣文,王洪英,刘燕,潘海芳
SHEN Hongyan,ZHAO Jiaowen,WANG Hongying,LIU Yan,PANG Haifang

• 1:上海市嘉定区精神卫生中心
• 2:上海市嘉定区和谐家庭服务中心

摘要(Abstract)：

目的:探讨参加家庭养护的残疾人心理状况、社会支持程度以及与性别、年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度的关系。方法:采用随机抽样的方法对参加家庭养护的244名残疾人进行问卷调查,其中男性153人,女性91人;并分为青年组(18~44岁)63人,中年组(45~59岁)94人,老年组(≥60岁)87人;受教育程度:低学历(小学及以下)90人,中等学历(初中)94人,较高学历(高中及以上)60人;已婚174人,未婚59人,离异8人(3.3%),丧偶3人;采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及社会支持评定量表对残疾人的抑郁情绪、焦虑情绪及社会支持等心理状况进行评估。结果:调查中有抑郁情绪的156例占63.9%,各年龄段之间差异显著,有统计学意义,老年组(≥60岁)有抑郁情绪的比例高于其他年龄组(χ2=9.300,P=0.010);有焦虑情绪的94例占38.5%,性别不同的残疾人焦虑量表得分差异有显著性(P=0.031),女性有焦虑情绪的比例高于男性;残疾人的社会支持在婚姻状况、受教育程度上差异有统计学意义,已婚残疾人得分明显高于独身的残疾人,初中及初中以上教育程度高于小学以下文化程度(t=6.242,-2.466;P=0.000,0.014),中年组得分均高于青年组和高于老年组(P=0.003)。结论:残疾人存在普遍心理问题,其中老年残疾人心理问题居多,婚姻和受教育程度是残疾人获得社会支持的重要因素。
Objective: To discuss the psychological status and the social support of the handicapped in family care and their relationship with gender,age,marital status and educational background.Methods: The method of random sample was adopted to conduct questionnaire survey in 244 handicapped people,among whom there were 153 males and 91 females. All of them were divided into youth group( 63 cases,from 18 to 44 years old),middle-aged group( 94 cases,from 45 to 59 years old) and old-aged group( 87 cases,over 60 years old). They were classified into 3 categories according to their education level: lower education level( primary school and below),secondary education level( junior middle school) and higher education level( high school and above). Among them,174 were married,59 unmarried,8 divorced and 3 widowed. SDS,SAS and SSRS were adopted to evaluate psychological status such as depression,anxiety and social support of the handicapped. Results:The research showed that 156( 63. 9%) handicapped people suffered from depression,and there were significant differences between different age groups. The percentage of those suffering from depression in old-aged group was higher than that in other groups( 2 = 9. 300,P = 0. 010). The research also showed that 94( 38. 5%) handicapped people suffered from anxiety,in whom the percentage of woman suffering from anxiety was higher than that of man suffering from anxiety. The score of SAS showed significant differences between different gender( P = 0. 031). Different marital status and educational background played an important role in social support of the handicapped,and the diffferences were statistically significant. In SSRS assessment,the married handicapped people scored obviously higher than those single handicapped people while the lower-educated handicapped people( primary school education or lower) scored lower than the higher-educated handicapped people( junior middle school or above)( t = 6. 242,-2. 466; P = 0. 000,0. 014); the middle-aged group scored higher than oldaged group in SDS,SAS and SSRS assessment( P = 0. 003). Conclusions: Generally,many handicapped people suffer from psychological problems,especially old-aged handicapped people. Marital status and educational background are the important factors for the handicapped to get social support.

关键词(KeyWords)： 心理;残疾人;抑郁;焦虑;社会支持
psychology;the handicapped;depression;anxiety;social support

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 上海市嘉定区卫生系统第三批学科(项目)建设《社区精神病与及老年精神病学》项目(GW03)

作者(Author): 沈红艳,赵姣文,王洪英,刘燕,潘海芳
SHEN Hongyan,ZHAO Jiaowen,WANG Hongying,LIU Yan,PANG Haifang

DOI: 10.19367/j.cnki.1000-2707.2015.04.027

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