张谊,张玲,冯海哲
ZHANG Yi,ZHANG Ling,FENG Haizhe(CDC Institute of Health Care for Maternity and Children of Guizhou Province

• 1:贵州省疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健所

摘要(Abstract)：

目的:了解农村婴儿体格发育水平、营养不良患病率及与喂养方式的关系。方法:分层随机整群抽样调查农村婴儿2 511人,以中国7岁以下儿童生长标准为参数计算年龄别身高Z值(HAZ)、年龄别体重Z值(WAZ)和身高别体重Z值(WHZ),Z<-2判断为生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦,并分析其与喂养方式的关系。结果:贵州婴儿体格发育落后于参考标准,HAZ、WAZ 4月龄后明显左移,HAZ<-2者在4月龄后逐渐增多达人群17%~21%,WAZ<-2者在5月龄后达人群的13.5%~17.5%;生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率分别为13.7%、10.0%和5.2%。营养不良的发生与喂养方式密切相关,4个月内纯母乳喂养、4个月后增加蛋白类食品、6个月后添加碳水化合物可降低生长迟缓、低体重的发病风险。结论:贵州农村婴儿体格发育落后,喂养不当所至的长期慢性营养不良是其主要因素。
Objective: To study the relationship among physical development level,morbidity of malnutrition,and feeding manner in rural areas.Methods: In rural areas,2511 infants were investigated with stratified random cluster sampling method.With growth criteria for chinese children under 7 as parameters,HAZ,WAZ and WHZ for the infants were calculated.The Z scores less than-2 were used as standard for judgement of stunting,underweight and macies,and the relationship between malnutrition and feeding manner was analyzed.Results: The physical development levels of infants in Guizhou rural areas were significantly lower than national standards.Both HAZ and WAZ of infants aged 4 months trended to shift leftward.The percentage of 4-mounth infants with HAZ <-2 ranged 17%~21%,and the percentage of 5-mounth infants with WAZ <-2 occupied 13.3%~17.5%.The incidences of stunting,underweight,and macies were 13.7%,10.0%,and 5.2% respectively.The occurrence of malnutrition was correlated with feeding patterns.Pure breast feeding within 4 months of birth,addition of protein-rich food after 4 months and reinforcing carbohydrate after 6 months could reduce the risk of stunting and underweight.Conclusions: The physical growth of infants in Guizhou rural areas are lower than national standards,and the main cause is long-term chronic malnutrition resulted from improper feeding.Pure breast feeding within 4 months of birth and proper food supplement after 4 months can greatly reduce the hazard of malnutrition.

关键词(KeyWords)： 农村人口;母乳喂养;身高;体重;体重与身高测量;婴儿营养;Z值
rural population;breast feeding;body height;body weight;body weight and measures;infant nutrition;Z scores

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 卫生部项目(2006年)

作者(Author): 张谊,张玲,冯海哲
ZHANG Yi,ZHANG Ling,FENG Haizhe(CDC Institute of Health Care for Maternity and Children of Guizhou Province

DOI: 10.19367/j.cnki.1000-2707.2010.04.010

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